Pest Management Academy

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Pest Management Academy

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Structural Fumigation

TOPIC 1 DEFINITION AND CLASSIFICATION OF PESTICIDES IN TERMS OF TYPE AND GROUPING


Introduction

The Classification Code

Pesticide Classification, properties and products


TOPIC 2 INTRODUCTORY CONCEPTS


1. Introduction

2. What is fumigation?

3. How does it work?

4. Why fumigate?

5. When to fumigate?

6. Types of fumigants

Methyl Bromide

Sulfuryl fluoride

Phosphine

A comparison of applicable fumigants


TOPIC 3 LEGISLATION AND ADMINISTRATION


1. Act 36 of 1947 - Fertilizers, Farm Feeds, Agricultural Remedies and Stock Remedies Act, 1947 (Act 36 of 1947)

2. SABS Codes of practice


TOPIC 4 INTRODUCTION TO THE OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY ACT...

TOPIC 5 STORED PRODUCT PESTS AND THEIR CONTROL


List of pests on stored commodities

1. Angoimois grain moth

Biology

Habits and behaviour

Damage and control

2. Indian meal moth

Biology

Habits and behaviour

Damage and control

3. Tropical warehouse moth

Biology

Habits and behaviour

Damage and control

4. Tobacco moth

Biology

Habits and behaviour

Damage and control

5. Grain weevils

Biology

Habits and behaviour

Damage and control

6. Bean and pea weevils

Biology

Habits and behaviour

Damage and control

7. Lesser grain borer

Biology

Habits and behaviour

Damage and control

Trogoderma beetles

Biology

Habits and behaviour

Damage and control

9. Saw-toothed beetles

Biology

Habits and behaviour

Damage and control

10. Flour beetles

Biology

Habits and behaviour

Damage and control

11. Tobacco beetle

Biology

Habits and behaviour

Damage and control

12. Flat grain beetles

Biology

Habits and behaviour

Damage and control

Structural fumigation

The Structural Fumigation skills program has been developed to enable the P.C.O. to become proficient in fumigating buildings, stacks, containers and pallets for wood destroying insects and stored product insects.

The Structural  Fumigation skills program deals with the following elements:

1. Inspection for stored product pests and general pests.

2. Identification of pests in commodities

3. Selection of fumigants and pesticides

4. Selection and calibration of equipment

5. Safety precautions

6. Application techniques

7. Monitoring precautions

8. Aeration / Ventilation Techniques

9. Clean up procedures


The Structural Fumigation skills program  starts with a three day practical induction course in a classroom environment after which the student is assessed and on being found competent  a six month mentoring program must be completed.


The following is included in the course:


STRUCTURAL FUMIGATION (EQF 4)

13. Cadelle beetle

Biology

Habits and behaviour

Damage and control

14. Larger grain borer

Biology

Habits and behaviour

Damage and control

How to recognise the larger grain borer

Pest status in South Africa


TOPIC 6 BIOLOGY AND IDENTIFICATION OF WOOD-DESTROYING ORGANISMS


Introduction

Wood Boring Insects

The Italian Beetle - Old House Borer

The Brown House Borer

The Warf Borer

Related Cerambycid Pests

Furniture Beetles (Anobium Punctatum)

Furniture Beetles (Nicobium spp.)

The Pink Anobiid

Powder Post Beetles

The Cossonid Wood Borer

Shot-Hole Borers

Jewel Beetles

Bark Beetles

Pin-Hole Borers

Hide and Skin Beetles

Cadelle Beetle

Carpenter Bees


TOPIC 7 RODENTS (RATS AND MICE)


Identification

Biology

Habits and Behavior

Economic significance of rodents


TOPIC 8 COMMODITY FUMIGATION PROCESSES


Types of commodity fumigation

Fumigation of commodities under tarps

Step 1: Planning

Step 2: Inspection and measurement

Step 3: Sealing

Step 4: Shooting

Step 5: Monitoring

Step 6: Aeration

Step 7: Testing

Step 8: Cleanup

Fumigation of trailers, containers and railcars

Step 1: Planning

Step 2: Inspection and measurement

Step 3: Sealing

Step 4: Shooting

Step 5: Monitoring

Step 6: Aeration

Step 7: Testing

Step 8: Cleanup

The process of structural fumigation

Step 1: Planning

Step 2: Inspection and measurement

Step 3: Sealing

Step 4: Shooting

Step 5: Monitoring procedures

Step 6: Aeration

Step 7: Testing

Step 8: Cleanup


TOPIC 9 GRAIN FUMIGATION


Introduction

The heating of grain by insects

What is the practical implication of this for silo personnel and pest control operators?

Factors determining the distribution of insects within a volume of grain

The size of the insect and its physical build

Life duration of the insect type in its adult stage

Places where the larva develop

Consignments of grain which are warmer than the rest

Consignments of grain which are wetter than the rest

Fumigation of bulk grain in grain elevators

Testing the gas tightness of silos

Fumigation with methyl bromide

Phosphine fumigation

Method of application with the dispenser

Applying the fumigation formulation by hand

Discharging fumigated grain

Fumigating bulk stored grain in horizontal sheds

Fumigation of bulk grain in railway trucks

Procedure for applying phosphine gas

Fumigation with Methyl Bromide

Fumigation label

Dispatch and handling of trucks in transit to the harbour

Procedure for unloading trucks at port grain silo

Action at harbour elevator

Combating insects in grain stored in bags

Storing grain in bags

Inspection and elimination of sources of infestation

Fumigation of bag stacks with methyl bromide

Technique for applying methyl bromide to bag stacks

Fumigating grain bag stacks with phosphine gas

Application of residual insecticide to bulk grain


TOPIC 10 MAINTENANCE OF SPRAYING APPARATUS


Determining the flow rate of the grain

Preventative measures for accurate application

Calculating the nominal deposit of active ingredient on grain

Spraying of bag stacks

Calibration of the spraying apparatus

Organization and planning of disinfestations campaign at bag depots

Planning at Head Office

Planning at Depot

Size of depot

Method of storage

General Condition of Grain

Necessity for restacking

Condition of premises

Proximity of a railway station, siding, grain silo, mill or other depot

Survey of activities at depot

Test for insect infestation in bags of grain and in stacks


TOPIC 11 SAFETY MEASURES


Worker protection

Reading the label

Safety precautions for applicators

Fumigant poisoning

First aid

Personal sanitation

Other safety recommendations

Good practices to follow when fumigating

Safety precautions at certain stages of fumigation

Pre-fumigation precautions

Precautions during fumigation

Precautions on completion of fumigation

A summary of precautions


ANNEXURE 1 GAS DETECTION EQUIPMENT


Introduction

Halide Gas Detectors

Thermal Conductivity Analyzers

Glass Detector Tubes

Ambient Air Analyzers

Gas Analyzers

Draeger Tubes


ANNEXURE 2 PALLET FUMIGATION

SAFETY ON THE JOB

Dates                                                                    Venue                                                                    Cost

Training Information

Course Content

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